Types of SSA

There are several types of SSA procedures, including:

• Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA): This procedure involves using a needle to extract sperm from the testicles directly. The needle is inserted into the testicle and a small amount of tissue is removed. The tissue is then processed in the laboratory to extract the sperm.
• Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA): This procedure involves inserting a needle into the epididymis to extract sperm directly. The epididymis is a long, coiled tube located behind the testicles where sperm is stored before ejaculation.
• Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA): This procedure is similar to PESA, but it is performed using a surgical microscope. MESA is typically used when PESA is unsuccessful or when higher numbers of sperm are required.
• Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE): This procedure involves removing a small piece of testicular tissue from the testicles surgically. The tissue is then processed in the laboratory to extract the sperm.