Diagnostic laparoscopy is a procedure to examine pelvic organs like the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic cavity. Laparoscopy is offered to females with infertility, a painful abdomen, abdominal lumps, or abnormal uterine bleeding. Conditions like endometriosis, uterine fibroids or other congenital anomalies, ovarian cysts, adhesions, pelvic abscesses, and ectopic pregnancy could be evaluated and treated with laparoscopy.

Laparoscopy is the first choice of surgeons and patients for surgeries like hysterectomy, ovarian cystectomy, cyst aspiration, reversal of tubal ligation, etc as it has faster recovery as compared to open surgeries. Our team of surgeons has expertise in complex laparoscopic surgeries and has treated thousands of patients successfully.

For patients with a history of endometriosis, pelvic infections, or ectopic pregnancy, evaluation with hysteroscopy and laparoscopy is recommended.

Laparoscopy can be postponed for at least 10 months after normal patency or if a unilateral obstruction is revealed by HSG, particularly in females less than 36 years of age with normal ovarian reserve.

The proximal tubal disease accounts for 10-25% of tubal disease. Tubal cannulation is accomplished using a catheter system via hysteroscopy with laparoscopy confirmation.

The evidence is fair to recommend laparoscopic fimbrioplasty for the treatment of mild hydrosalpinx in young women with no other significant infertility factors. Also, there is good evidence for recommending laparoscopic salpingectomy or proximal tubal occlusion in case of surgical irreparable hydrosalpinges to improve IVF pregnancy rates.

In highly resistant PCOS cases, Laparoscopic ovarian drilling can be done. A major advantage of LOD is a decreased risk of multiple pregnancies. There are various hypotheses regarding the mechanism of action, such as nonspecific stromal destruction or the opening of follicular capsules that release follicular fluid, which contains androgens, thereby removing the ovulation block.

A significant reduction in serum androgen levels, an increase in FSH levels, and a decrease in LH pulse amplitude have been observed, independent of the mechanism. However, laparoscopic ovarian drilling is associated with a decrease in ovarian reserve. Also, there is a risk of adhesion formation. Therefore, LOD may be an option in highly resistant cases of PCOS with large bulky ovaries after thorough counselling of the patient.

In patients with unexplained infertility, ovulation induction is planned with or without IUI for 3-6 cycles. However, no RCTs have evaluated the effects of diagnostic laparoscopy after failed ovulation induction, failed ovarian stimulation with or without IUI, or failed ART cycles; however, at least 50% of patient pathologies, such as endometriosis or adhesions, can be detected if laparoscopy is performed. In addition, no evidence suggests that laparoscopy with adhesiolysis before ART increases the pregnancy rate in ART cycles.

In patients where clinical history is suggestive of endometriosis or there is an ultrasound diagnosis of endometriosis, early laparoscopy is recommended.

In patients with minimal and mild endometriosis, laparoscopic resection – ablation of endometriosis focal points or adhesions may improve the outcome of subsequent IVF/ICSI treatment in infertile women.

If an ovarian endometrioma>4 cm in diameter is present, laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is recommended to histologically confirm the diagnosis, reduce the risk of infection, improve access to follicles, and possibly improve ovarian response.

For infertile women who have stage III/IV endometriosis and who have had previous one or more operations for infertility, IVF-ET is a better therapeutic option than another operation for infertility.

In patients with infertility fibroids, an effort should be made to adequately evaluate and classify fibroids, particularly those impinging on the endometrial cavity, using transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy, saline sonography, or magnetic resonance imaging.

Assessment of submucosal fibroids should include in addition an assessment of:

• Fibroid size
• Location within the uterine cavity,
• Evaluation of the degree of invasion of the cavity
• The thickness of residual myometrium to the serosa
• Submucosal fibroids are managed through hysteroscopic ally

The fibroid size should be < 5 cm, although larger fibroids have been managed hysteroscopic ally, two-staged procedures are often necessary
In women with otherwise unexplained infertility, submucosal fibroids should be removed to improve conception and pregnancy rates.

Laparoscopy instruments include a variety of surgical instruments used to perform minimally invasive procedures. These instruments include the laparoscope, which is used to visualize the internal organs, and other specialized instruments such as scissors, forceps, and needles.

Laparoscopy can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the cause of various symptoms, including abdominal pain, irregular menstrual cycles, and infertility. The laparoscope allows the surgeon to examine the internal organs and look for signs of disease or abnormal growth.

Laparoscopy surgery is performed under general anaesthesia and usually takes between 30 minutes to an hour to complete. During the procedure, the surgeon makes a small incision near the navel and inserts the laparoscope to examine the internal organs.

The laparoscopy procedure involves making a small incision near the navel and inserting a laparoscope to examine the internal organs of the abdomen and pelvis. The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia and is typically done on an outpatient basis.

Laparoscopy scars are small incisions that are made near the navel during the procedure. These incisions are usually less than an inch in length and heal quickly, leaving minimal scarring.

The cost of laparoscopy surgery in India can vary depending on the type of procedure being performed, as well as the location and the surgeon’s fees. On average, the cost of laparoscopy in India can range from INR 40,000 to INR 1,50,000. It is important to keep in mind that these are general estimates and the final cost may be higher or lower depending on the individual case.